• Spectral Analysis of Signals
• Frequency Response of Systems

• Convolution via the Frequency Domain

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is one of the most important tools in Digital Signal Processing. This chapter discusses three common ways it is used. First, the DFT can calculate a signal's frequency spectrum. This is a direct examination of information encoded in the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the component sinusoids. For example, human speech and hearing use signals with this type of encoding. Second, the DFT can find a system's frequency response from the system's impulse response, and vice versa. This allows systems to be analyzed in the frequency domain, just as convolution allows systems to be analyzed in the time domain. Third, the DFT can be used as an intermediate step in more elaborate signal processing techniques. The classic example of this is FFT convolution, an algorithm for convolving signals that is hundreds of times faster than conventional methods.