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January 2004 MassMind newsletter

Video and VGA

Yes, I know I skipped September, it is still in the works but having digital camera issues. I can't seem to get good closeups. Does anyone know how to adapt a macro lens to an HP Photosmart 435?

I will have December out asap, just a bit of editing and an animation to finish up.

In this issue:

Video designs

First a character based video terminal circuit idea that is implemented with a PIC 16F627 using the hardware USART to shift out character pixels. This allows for the much slower running PIC to still generate a 16*10 char display with 64, 8x8 pixel characters. Yes, an SX or other high speed processor could bit bang it, but shift register chips are cheap and allow for that much more processing or lower clock speed (and lower power, heat, etc...). For more details (in French) see the authors site at : http://perso.wanadoo.fr/phmworld Bablefish does pretty well with it.

Other than the idea of using a USART, I really like the diode AND gate in the D2A converter which allows 4 levels of grey on the display. Because of the slow processor, he can only change the grey level between character, but that is all he needs right?

See also:

IBM's official method of recognizing their original EGA graphics card was to look for the string "IBM, Inc." (or something like that) at a certain address in the card's ROM. 3rd party EGA cards simply put "Not a product of " in front of it - satisfying the protocol, without committing a copyright violation.

Just because we CAN bit bang doesn't mean that was always MUST. If a bit of external logic allows us to get even more done, why not use it? Here is a circuit idea for an SX plus shift register video terminal. I think you could get to 80 by 24 pretty easily with this. Of course, that requires a text memory of 1920 bytes, but we should have enough time left over to read an external RAM.

                                          SX
                                         +-------------------------+
                                         |                         |
          +------------------------------|>                        |
          |                              |                         |
          |   +------------+-------------|A0                       |
          |   |            | ___         |                         |
          |   |            +-|  \        |                         |
          |   |   --------   |   )O--+   |                         |
          |   +---|D    Q|---|__/    |   | B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 |
          |       |      |    '00    |   +-------------------------+
          +--|>O--|>   Q*|           |      |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
          |  '04  --------           |      |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
          |        74HC74            |      |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
          |                          |   +-------------------------+
          |   +--------------+       |   | D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 |
          |   |              |       |   |                         |
          |   |   --------   |       +--O|PE                       |
          |   +---|D    Q|   |           |                         |
+------+  |       |      |   |           |                         |
| 13.8 |--+-------|>   Q*|---+-----------|>                     Q7 |----> to
| MHz  |          --------               |                         |    video
+------+           74HC74                +-------------------------+
                                          74HC166

Add'l circuitry to generate blanking and sync from PIC outputs not shown. The '04 inverter can obviously be replaced with another NAND gate from the '00. Or all the 74HC stuff can be put into one CPLD.

One flip-flop is used to divide the oscillator clock to get the shift clock. The other is used together with the gates to produce a parallel load enable for the shift register. The parallel enable needs to be only one dot clock wide, but the narrowest pulse the firmware can produce on a port pin is two dot clocks wide. The firmware generates a two dot clock wide positive-going pulse, we use a flip-flop to delay it one dot clock, then NAND it with the undelayed pulse producing a negative pulse one dot clock wide. The inverter on the flip-flop clock is to make it negative-edge-triggered, so that the parallel load enable of the shift register will be stable during its clock input transition (rising edge).

The code to generate the active video is an unrolled look like this:

	mov	W, buf+0
	mov	Rb, W
	setb	Ra.0	; pulse load input to shift register
	clrb	Ra.0

	mov	W, buf+1
	mov	Rb, W
	setb	Ra.0	; pulse load input to shift register
	clrb	Ra.0

        ; repeat 42 more times using successive bytes of the buffer

	mov	W, buf+44
	mov	Rb, W
	setb	Ra.0	; pulse load input to shift register
	clrb	Ra.0

	mov	W, #0	; generate black the rest of the time
	mov	Rb, W
	setb	Ra.0	; pulse load input to shift register
	clrb	Ra.0

If we must bitbang, how do we do it? Here is the standard methods followed by some "tricks"

Use Port as shift register

The most obvious way to get a really fast shift register is to just rotate the bits in a port. Of course, you have to set every pin to output and leave them unconnected. It wastes an entire port, but it does have the advantage of being bloody fast. Since each pin's state must be read back into the uC before it can be shifted and sent out to the next pin, Read / Modify / Write problems are a possibility. For example, if B.7 is set and B.6 is cleared, then when you rotate the port right, the 1 from B.7 is applied to B.6. But things don't happen instantly, not even in a 75MIPS processor! As the port starts to drive B.6 high, if another shift is performed before it makes it above the point that defines a logical one, B.6 will be read as a 0! The result is that B.5 will be set low after this second shift and will loose the bit that was originally set in B.7.

The sample code I'm going to paste in here is from a high speed UART application, and the bit of code before the actuall rotating of the port is so neat I'm going to leave it in, even though it doesn't really relate to video applications.

;PORT B, bit0 is the data output bit. All other port bits are
;configured as outputs, but are otherwise wasted

; pre-calculate the parity.

	mov	W, >>parity	;Put Parity into Carry
	mov	W, data

	clr	RB	;start bit

	mov	RB, W	;d0
	rr	RB	;d1 and pick up the parity bit
	rr	RB
	rr	RB
etc...

Calculate bit changes, then toggle as needed

This gives only 2 cycle per bit which is quite fast and doesn't waste any port pins. It can cause Read / Modify / Write problems however, so it would be best if the other port pins are unused or inputs.

	mov	W, >>DATA	;reformat data to have:
	xor	DATA, W	;  1 = bit change
                           ;  0 = no bit change
                           ;
	mov	W, #(1<<S_PIN)	;W = serial pin mask
	clrb	S_PORT.S_PIN	;start bit
	snc	;bit 0
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	snb	DATA.0	;bit 1
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	snb	DATA.1	;bit 2
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	snb	DATA.2	;bit 3
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	snb	DATA.3	;bit 4
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	snb	DATA.4	;bit 5
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	snb	DATA.5	;bit 6
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	snb	DATA.6	;bit 7
	xor	S_PORT, W	;
	nop	;delay
	setb	S_PORT.S_PIN	;stop bit = 1
	ret

Alternate data and port shifting

This one is unique in that as long as the remaining 3 bits of RA are set to input, no pins are wasted AND it can't cause Read / Modify / Write problems!

	rr	data	;Get new bit from RAM
	rl	RA	;Rotate C into A.0
	rr	data
	rl	RA
;etc...

Interleaved lookup and nibble shift

This code generats character video using the lower 4 pins of RA as a shift register. RA.0 is the output, but RA.1 - RA.3 must be set to outputs and left unconnected. Each entry in the character generator table needs to have bits 8..11 (the top 4 bits of the 12 bit word) set to the top 4 bits of the address of that word so that when M is loaded by the IREAD, its value is retained.

        mov RowCout, #Rows
:RowLoop
        mov RowScanLine, #(ScanLines/Rows)

;if you wanted to, you could skip a line of video here (between
;rows) and use the time to load a row of character data from
;external RAM or FRAM

:ScanLineLoop
        jnb HorzSync, $ ;wait for the Horizontal sync.
        mov ColCount, #Cols
        mov w, ScanLine ;high pointer into the character generator table
        mov m, w                ;(which character pixel row)
        mov w, ind              ;low pointer into the table (which character)
        iread
:CharScanLoop
        mov ra, w
        mov DataHi, W
        rr ra
        inc fsr
        rr ra
        setb fsr.4
        rr ra
        mov w, <>DataHi
        mov ra, w
        mov w, ind
        rr ra
        iread
        rr ra
        dec ColCount
        rr ra
        jnz :CharScanLoop
;An extra cycle or 2 here just spaces the characters a bit more.
        djnz RowScanLine, :ScanLineLoop
        djnz RowCount, :RowLoop



VGA Introduction

VGA is actually actually just about the same as standard NTSC, just some different timings, and three seperate color inputs.

VGA Color Signals

There are three signals -- red, green, and blue -- that send color information to a VGA monitor. These three signals each drive an electron gun that emits electrons which paint one primary color at a point on the monitor screen. Analog levels between 0 (completely dark) and 0.7 V (maximum brightness) on these control lines tell the monitor what intensities of these three primary colors to combine to make the color of a dot (or pixel) on the monitor’s screen.

VGA Signal Timing

Technically VGA video has 480 lines and each line usually contains 640 pixels. In order to paint a frame, we require two synchronization signals in order to start and stop the deflection circuits at the right times. The timing for the VGA synchronization signals is shown here.

Negative pulses on the horizontal sync signal demark the start and end of a line. The actual pixels are sent to the monitor within a 25.17 ms window. The horizontal sync signal drops low a minimum of 0.94 ms after the last pixel and stays low for 3.77 ms. A new line of pixels can begin a minimum of 1.89 ms after the horizontal sync pulse ends. So a single line occupies 25.17 ms of a 31.77 ms interval. The other 6.6 ms of each line is the horizontal blanking interval.

In an analogous fashion, negative pulses on a vertical sync signal demark the start and end of a frame made up of video lines. The lines are sent to the monitor within a 15.25 ms window. The vertical sync signal drops low a minimum of 0.45 ms after the last line and stays low for 64 ms. The first line of the next frame can begin a minimum of 1.02 ms after the vertical sync pulse ends. So a single frame occupies 15.25 ms of a 16.784 ms interval. The other 1.534 ms of the frame interval is the vertical blanking interval.

VGA Monitor tester with SX chip.

By Alberto Geraci.

This simple software makes a color bar or cross-hatch pattern on PC VGA or SVGA monitor. Its very simple just look at the circuit for all pin definitions.

The pins ra.0 to ra.2 are the respective outs for blue, red and green signals, and rb.0 and rb.1 the sync H and V. The rb.3 pin is used to change the mode, from bars, to cross-hatch.

Really, there is not too much that I can say about the project; the SX software generates all the signals, keeping count of the clock cycles. Look at the code and you'll have a better idea of how it works.

I'm using it to test many monitors, and it gives me a good result. I have found that in some cheap Samsung or Goldstar monitors there is a difference in the V size.

You can put it all together in a little box to bring it with you in your pocket.

Good Luck !

;*****************************************************************************************
; 
; Filename:	VGA Monitor tester.src
;
; Author:	Alberto Geraci
;		BTX Sistemas	
;		Argentina.
;		
; Revision:	1.01
;
; Freq:		50MHz
;
; Compiled using: SX-Key.
;
; Date Written	: January 16, 2002
;
; Last Revised	: January 25, 2002
;
; Program Description:
;
;		Super Simple !! VGA Monitor tester
;		Simple project to demostrate the SX power running at 50Mhz
;		It generates color bars and white lines in 640x480 mode.
;
; Interface Pins:
;		
;	 azul = ra0 = pin 1
;	 rojo = ra1 = pin 3
;	 verde= ra2 = pin 2
;
;	 H sync = rb0 = pin 13
;	 V sync = rb1 = pin 14
;*****************************************************************************************
;
		DEVICE	SX18L,OSCHS3,TURBO,stackx_optionx,protect
		RESET	Start
		FREQ 	50_000_000
counter		equ	$08
repeat		equ	$09
times		equ	$0A
lazo		equ	$0B

Start		mov	ra, #%00000000
		mov	!ra,#%11110000
		mov	rb, #%00000011
 		mov	!rb,#%00001000
		mov	w,#$0E
		mov	M,w
 		mov	!rb,#%11110111
		mov	w,#$0F
		mov	M,w
org 20
;
; MACROS
; 
;*** MACRO VSYNC ****************************************************************************************
vsync	MACRO		;3180  cycles	; 63.6 uSeg    ;; 28 + 3.8 + 28 + 3.8 ;;1400+190+1399+191
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO V *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.1		; 1 cycle	; bit 6 low (Vertical sync pulse begins)
		mov	counter,#174	; 2 cycles
	:pupV1	nop
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupV1
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO H *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bit 6 low (Horizontal sync pulse begins)
		mov	counter,#38	; 2 cycles
	:pupH2	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupH2		; 4 cycles	; 
		setb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bit 6 high (Horizontal sync pulse finishes)
	;************************************************************************************************
		mov	counter,#175	; 2 cycles
	:pupV2	nop
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupV2		; 4 cycles
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO H *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bit 6 low (Horizontal sync pulse begins)
		mov	counter,#38	; 2 cycles
	:pupH3	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupH3		; 4 cycles	; 
	;************************************************************************************************
		mov	rb,#%00000011	; 2 cycles
	;************************************************************************************************
	ENDM
;********************************************************************************************************
;********************************************************************************************************
Barras
	; ******  now I must make front porch vertical **************************************
	mov	times,#2
jtama	call @linea_vac2
	decsz	times	; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@jtama			
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  now I must make vertical sync ************************************************
	vsync
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer 33 lineas de portico superior y comienzo *************************
	; ******  now I must make 33 lines of high porch and beginning
	mov	times,#19
	jmp	@jcc
jcc	nop
	nop
jtama2	call @linea_vac
	decsz	times	; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@jtama2
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer 240 lineas de video *********************************************
	; ******  now I must make 240 lines of video *********************************************
	mov	times,#254
	nop
jtama3	call @linea
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@jtama3
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer 8 lineas de parte inferior de pantalla **************************
	; ******  now I must make 8 lines at lower part of screen **************************
	mov	times,#8
	nop
jtama5	call @linea_vac
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@jtama5
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	sb	$06.3
	jmp	@Barras
;********************************************************************************************************
;********************************************************************************************************
Cross_hatch
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer portico delantero vertical **************************************
	mov	times,#2
otama	call @linea_vac2
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@otama			
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer sincro  vertical ************************************************
	vsync
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer 19 lineas de portico uperior y comienzo *************************
	mov	times,#21
	jmp	@cc
cc	nop
	nop
otama2	call @linea_vac
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@otama2
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer 254 lineas de video *********************************************
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama20	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama20

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama1	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama1
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama2	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama2

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama3	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama3

	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama4	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama4

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama5	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama5
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama6	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama6

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama7	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama7
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama8	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama8

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama9	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama9
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama10	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama10

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama11	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama11
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama12	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama12

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama13	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama13
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama14	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama14

	mov	times,#30
	nop
ftama15	call @crossh
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama15
	mov	times,#1
	nop
ftama16	call @crossv
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@ftama16

	; ***********************************************************************************************
	; ******  ahora tengo que hacer 8 lineas de parte inferior de pantalla **************************
	mov	times,#11
	nop
otama5	call @linea_vac
	decsz	times	; ; when I finish I leave losing 5 cycles decsz and of ret
	jmp	@otama5
	; ***********************************************************************************************
	snb	$06.3
	jmp	@Cross_hatch
	jmp	@Barras
;
;
org	600
;********************************************************************************************************
;********************************************************************************************************
;**** FUNCION CROSSH *************************************************************************************
; 1400 cycles  ;28 uSeg + 3.8 del sincro ; 
; tambien lleva el sicro H esta. Y las barras de color
; 90 portico delantero ; 1284 de video ; 26 portico trasero
	;************************************************************************************************
crossh	mov	counter,#15		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:clupit	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:clupit 	; 4 cycles	; 
		jmp	@:provi3
	;************************************************************************************************
	; Aca me quedan 1284 cycles para dibujar las barras 160 cycles cada una +2+2 ********************
	:provi3	nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		mov	repeat,#9
	:zir	mov	ra,#%11110111	; 2 cycles
		jmp	@:cirix
	:cirix	mov	ra,#%11110000	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#26		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:cir2	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:cir2 		; 4 cycles	; 
		decsz	repeat		; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:zir 		; 4 cycles	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 
	;************************************************************************************************
	;************************************************************************************************
	mov	counter,#5		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:clupi2	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:clupi2 	; 4 cycles	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
	;************************************************************************************************
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO H *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bajo el bit 6 ( comienza el pulso de sync )
		mov	counter,#38	; 2 cycles
	:pupH1	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupH1		; 4 cycles	; 
		setb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; subo el bit 6 ( termina el pulso de sync )
	;************************************************************************************************
		ret
;********************************************************************************************************
;
;
;********************************************************************************************************
;**** FUNCION CROSSV *************************************************************************************
; 1400 cycles  ;28 uSeg + 3.8 del sincro ; 
; tambien lleva el sicro H esta. Y las barras de color
; 90 portico delantero ; 1284 de video ; 26 portico trasero
	;************************************************************************************************
crossv	mov	counter,#15		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:cvupit	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:cvupit 	; 4 cycles	; 
		jmp	@:provi
	:provi	jmp	@:provi2
	;************************************************************************************************
	; Aca me quedan 1284 cycles para dibujar las barras 160 cycles cada una +2+2 ********************

	:provi2	mov	ra,#%11110111	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#160		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:cxr2	nop
		nop
		nop
		decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:cxr2 		; 4 cycles	; 
		mov	ra,#%11110000	; 2 cycles
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 
	;************************************************************************************************
	;************************************************************************************************
	mov	counter,#5		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:cvupi2	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:cvupi2 	; 4 cycles	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
	;************************************************************************************************
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO H *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bajo el bit 6 ( comienza el pulso de sync )
		mov	counter,#38	; 2 cycles
	:vupH1	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:vupH1		; 4 cycles	; 
		setb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; subo el bit 6 ( termina el pulso de sync )
	;************************************************************************************************
		ret
;********************************************************************************************************
; 
; 
org 700
;********************************************************************************************************
;********************************************************************************************************
;**** FUNCION LINEA_VAC ***************************************************************************************
		; 1400 cycles  ;28 uSeg + 3.8 del sincro ; 
; tambien lleva el sicro H esta.
	;************************************************************************************************
linea_vac	mov	counter,#174	; 2 cycles      ; iba 173 pero con 174 anda mejor (revisar)
	:dlupL4	nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:dlupL4	; 4 cycles	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
	;************************************************************************************************
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO H *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bajo el bit 6 ( comienza el pulso de sync )
		mov	counter,#38	; 2 cycles
	:pupH1	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupH1		; 4 cycles	; 
		setb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; subo el bit 6 ( termina el pulso de sync )
	;************************************************************************************************
		ret
;********************************************************************************************************
;
;
;**** FUNCION LINEA_VAC2 ***************************************************************************************
; 1400 cycles  ;28 uSeg + 3.8 del sincro ;  
; volver de la ultima sub de linea_vac  ( es decir esta se usa para hacer el jmp al main )
; tambien lleva el sicro H esta.
	;************************************************************************************************
linea_vac2	mov	counter,#174	; 2 cycles
	:dlupv4	nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:dlupv4	; 4 cycles	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
	;************************************************************************************************
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO H *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bajo el bit 6 ( comienza el pulso de sync )
		mov	counter,#38	; 2 cycles
	:pupvH1	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupvH1	; 4 cycles	; 
		setb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; subo el bit 6 ( termina el pulso de sync )
	;************************************************************************************************
		ret
;********************************************************************************************************
;
;
;**** FUNCION LINEA *************************************************************************************
; 1400 cycles  ;28 uSeg + 3.8 del sincro ; 
; tambien lleva el sicro H esta. Y las barras de color
; 90 portico delantero ; 1284 de video ; 26 portico trasero
	;************************************************************************************************
linea	mov	counter,#15		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:lupit	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:lupit 	; 4 cycles	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
	;************************************************************************************************
	; Aca me quedan 1284 cycles para dibujar las barras 160 cycles cada una +2+2 ********************
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110000	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar1		; 4 cycles
	:bar1	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar1 		; 4 cycles	; 
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110001	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar2		; 4 cycles
	:bar2	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar2 		; 4 cycles	; 
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110010	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar3		; 4 cycles
	:bar3	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar3 		; 4 cycles	; 
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110011	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar4		; 4 cycles
	:bar4	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar4 		; 4 cycles	; 
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110100	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar5		; 4 cycles
	:bar5	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar5 		; 4 cycles	; 
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110101	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar6		; 4 cycles
	:bar6	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar6 		; 4 cycles	; 
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110110	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar7		; 4 cycles
	:bar7	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar7 		; 4 cycles	; 
		; ** BARRA *****************************************************************
		mov	ra,#%11110111	; 2 cycles
	mov	counter,#31		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
		jmp	@:bar8		; 4 cycles
	:bar8	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:bar8 		; 4 cycles	; 
		mov	ra,#%11110000	; 2 cycles
	;************************************************************************************************
	;************************************************************************************************
	mov	counter,#5		; 2 cycles      ; delantero
	:lupi2	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:lupi2 	; 4 cycles	; 
		nop			; 1 cycle
		nop			; 1 cycle
	;************************************************************************************************
	;********** PULSO DE SINCRO H *******************************************************************
		clrb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; bajo el bit 6 ( comienza el pulso de sync )
		mov	counter,#38	; 2 cycles
	:pupH1	decsz	counter	; 1 cycle	;
		jmp	@:pupH1		; 4 cycles	; 
		setb	rb.0		; 1 cycle	; subo el bit 6 ( termina el pulso de sync )
	;************************************************************************************************
		ret
;********************************************************************************************************
;********************************************************************************************************


file: /Techref/new/letter/news0401.htm, 32KB, , updated: 2007/7/31 16:45, local time: 2024/3/29 08:56,
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